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Generalized design of frequency filters with operational amplifiers
Dokoupil, Drahomír ; Minarčík, Martin (referee) ; Vrba, Kamil (advisor)
This thesis is about general design of frequency-selection filter with help of autonomous circuits. Operational amplifier has been chosen as active device/element. In the begining of this project is described role of frequency-selection filters in electronics circuits, their basic types and their transmission function. Another part of this thesis dissertate about construction of autonomous circuits, selection of suitable admittance network and it's simplification. Selected autonomous circuits are initial elements to find out known connections of frequency-selection filters. Last part of this thesis describing work with SNAP software, ways to find new connection of filter and describe how autonomous circuit works in voltage or current mode.
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Tunable ARC frequency filter
Kufa, Martin ; Murina, Milan (referee) ; Sedláček, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with ARC frequency tunable filters. The introductory chapter generally focuses on the basic terms of the frequency filters, such as the mathematical expression of the transfer function, types of selective filters, tolerant field, etc. The next section describes the actual higher-order ARC filters and cascade sequencing, especially ARC band reject and possibilities of its implementation. Following is a concrete realization of the ARC filter to band reject with suggestions for tuning the frequency components in the frequency range 10 kHz to 100 kHz and retuning quality factor. Finally, this work contains the printed circuit board (PCB) design of the ARC frequency analog and digital filter section for tuning F0 frequency and quality factor Q setting using digital potentiometers. Furthermore, it also outlines the flowchart of the program for digital control.
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Innovation of the software for design of the analog frequency filters
Boleček, Libor ; Slanina, Martin (referee) ; Petržela, Jiří (advisor)
The object of this bachelor‘s project is to create a PC programme for designing crossbar filters. The programme is realized with programming language C++ and Borland C++. The application uses the method of designing filters which is based on the normalized lowpass filter. This method uses the application of normalized approximation. The user interface of the programme has a wizard character. Input data are parameters of filters which are ordered by a user. The user orders the marginal frequency and the type of filter. The output is an electrical circuit with RLC parts values. The user has a choice if he/she wants to realize the circuit as a T or type circuit. The output may be printed or saved to a file.
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Analog frequency filter design using signal flow graphs
Petlák, Martin ; Vrba, Kamil (referee) ; Minarčík, Martin (advisor)
In my graduation thesis I first of all shortly mentioned frequency–selection filters and their utilisations. However, the base point of this project was to acquaint with different types of signal flow diagrams with whom I should design and analyse frequency-selection filtres with conventional and also innovative active components. As the first I created signal flow diagrams for both voltage and current conveyors. These modern active components are well known today and enable the construction of circuits with better properties than circuits with traditional differentiating amplifiers with voltage feedback. Thereinafter I made signal flow diagrams for OTA component. Transconductancal amplifiers are well known active components used in various areas of analog signal processing. OTA amplifier is in fact the current source controlled by voltage difference, which is characterised by gm transconductance. Ulterior components were IOZ and IZN models of voltage amplifier with voltage gain A. The last component was COA amplifier. It is a current operational amplifier. COA model is fully dual component to VOA, which is classical voltage amplifier. In my project I used filters with two OTA components. This filter offers functions like low-pass filter, band-pass filter, high-pass filter, band-stop filter and two-phase network. Following this I used circuits with two GCC conveyors. These offer band-pass filter, low-pass filter, high-pass filter, band-stop filter and two-phase network. Ultimately I designed filters with COA components, which offer three transmission functions simultaneously (DP, PP and HP). Analysis of these filters was made with a help of PSpice computer programme.
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Electronic Filtering Circuits with Arbitrary Frequency Characteristics
Klubus, Jan ; Vrba, Kamil (referee) ; Kubánek, David (advisor)
Master’s thesis deals with the issue of electronic filtering circuits with arbitrary frequency characteristics. First part of the thesis describes theoretical basis. Second part explores the possibilities of design procedures for filters with arbitrary frequency characteristics. Design procedures are demonstrated on examples accordingly to the presented methods, including their circuit implementation and computer simulation to verify the correctness of theoretical assumptions. Thesis also explores the possibilities of tuning circuit structures and electronic setting for characteristics using controllable active elements.
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The Design Methods of Equipments for Audio
Kondler, Radim ; Vrba, Kamil (referee) ; Mišurec, Jiří (advisor)
The work is focused on equipment used in audio, such as a loudspeaker crossovers, amplifiers and preamplifiers. There are theoretically described loudspeaker crossovers, their parameters, types of structures derived from the frequency filters with their parameters. Further deals about audio amplifiers and both voltage and power, their theories, parameters, and distribution.
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Equalizer with loudness regulation for laboratory measurements
Karkoška, Jan ; Šotner, Roman (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with a draft and construction of the design of equalizer with loudness regulation for laboratory measurements lessons and also simulation of individual parts in the program LTspice. For design was used bandpass correction with series resonance circuits. All bands are tuned to a frequency f0 with a degree of ± 12 dB. Thesis includes block diagram, design of equalizer in detail, scheme of equalizer with physiological regulation and the design of printed circuit boards.
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Practical examples of signal processing
Hanzálek, Pavel ; Smékal, Zdeněk (referee) ; Mekyska, Jiří (advisor)
The thesis focuses on the issue of signal processing. Using practical examples, it tries to show the use of individual signal processing operations from a practical point of view. For each of the selected signal processing operations, an application is created in MATLAB, including a graphical interface for easier operation. The division of the thesis is such that each chapter is first analyzed from a theoretical point of view, then it is shown using a practical demonstration of what the operation is used in practice. Individual applications are described here, mainly in terms of how they are handled and their possible results. The results of the practical part are presented in the attachment of the thesis.
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Analog Circuits Faults Diagnosis
Váško, Ondřej ; Kolka, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kincl, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main goal of this work is to present the issue of testing analogue linear circuits in terms of diagnosis of single components for which it is sought to prove their nominal values. It is necessary for the work to introduce methods of describing linear circuits via the node voltage method (MUN), and production of transmissive functions. The Matlab and PSpice programmes are used to do the diagnoses. The testing of single parameters of the circuit is carried out through proper placing of testing points in the circuit the way in which their number is as small as possible. Through transmissive functions we indirectly state the values of components operating on calculated frequencies. The set of frequencies for the components is figured out using the stochastic method.
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Study of Electronic Control and Real Behavior in Variable Filtering and Oscillating Applications of Modern Active Elements
Šotner, Roman ; Ondráček, Oldřich (referee) ; Martínek,, Pravoslav (referee) ; Petržela, Jiří (advisor)
The thesis deals with electronically adjustable and configurable applications of the modern active elements. In the field there were presented various active elements in applications of the analog filters and oscillators which stem from basic and more or less similar principles of circuit synthesis and design. However, there is not provided study of real behavior in detail and in most cases electronic control of the various parameters in application is not verified. In the precise design of application is very important to identify problematic features and determine how much it influences functionality of the device. In this work several filtering structures based on common and modified synthesis principles (integrator loops) are compared in the view of multifunctionality, configurability, variability, kind of used electronic control and impact of influences of real elements on behavior. There are used standard methods like adjusting of variable transconductance, intrinsic value of current input resistance and not so common method based on variable current gain in design of modified and improved multifunctional filtering circuits. The last method of mentioned control enabled to find quite unique filter which allows continuous electronic change of transfer from band-reject to all-pass filter of the 2nd order without reconnection. It is much simpler than previous and more common integrator loops. Larger part of this work is focused on electronically controllable oscillators mainly on quadrature types. There is presented several very simply and elementary realizations which require minimal number of active and passive elements. There are also slightly or more complicated solutions which remove some drawbacks of mentioned simpler variants. First of all there is given attention on study of real behavior which make obvious different problems with mutual dependence of oscillation condition and oscillation frequency, dependence of produced amplitudes (quadrature types) on parameter which is controlling oscillation frequency, influence of this parameter on oscillation condition, etc. In the framework of this part of the thesis there was introduced a novel modification of current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCTA) so called current-gain-controlled current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CGCCCTA). Requirements for novel applications in the field of oscillators for newly developed controllable current amplifier and digitally controllable current amplifier (DACA) at the Department of Telecommunication FEEC BUT lead to creation of several chapters of this work where mentioned active elements can be used. The important contribution of this work (for practical approach) is also experimental testing of most of designed circuits and determination of exact design equations and rules which take into account real behavior of circuits and confirm results obtained from experiments.
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